ABSTRACT
This paper explores how religious and ethnic norms and gender relations interact across 
the domestic and public spheres of work in rural China’s minority-concentrated regions. 
We focus on the roles that childcare and household composition play in the work 
decisions of prime-age married individuals of Muslim and non-Muslim ethnicity.

We find 
that children generally decrease women’s likelihood of working away from/outside the 
home and increase men’s. The gender gap in the probability of off-farm work is larger for 
those of Muslim ethnicity. Non-Muslim parents of sons are more likely to migrate for 
work than parents of daughters. The presence of women of grandparent age (46 to 70) 
universally facilitates labor migration. Men of grandparent age tend to increase only the 
probability that non-Muslim parents (male and female) migrate for work. Additional 
adult male household members (of any age) reduce the likelihood that women of Muslim 
ethnicity work off-farm.

https://genderlibrary.org/a/images/papers/April%202018%20pg77.pdf