ЭШ-ний өгүүлэл
Abstract
Occupational differences by gender remain a common feature of labor markets. We begin by documenting recent trends in occupational segregation and its implications. We then review recent empirical research, focusing on new classes of explanations that emphasize the role of gender differences in psychological traits, preferences for non-pecuniary (family-friendly) job characteristics, personality traits, and skills. Using detailed data on occupational work content from O*NET linked to the American Community Survey (ACS), we examine how the various job attributes identified in the literature affect men and women’s occupational choices and the gender wage gap.
Abstract
This paper presents new evidence on the role of gender segregation and pay structure in explaining gender wage differentials of full-time salaried workers in Spain as of 1995 and 2002. Using data from the Spanish Wage Structure Surveys, we find that the raw gender wage gap
decreased from 0.24 to 0.14 over the course of seven years. Average differences in the base wage have decreased from 0.09 to 0.05 and average differences in wage complements have decreased from 0.59 to 0.40.
Abstract
We use HILDA data from 2001 - 2006 to analyse the source of the gender wage gap across public- and private-sector wage distributions in Australia. We are particularly interested in the role of gender segregation within sector-specific occupations in explaining relative wages. We find that, irrespective of labour market sector, the gender wage gap among low-paid, Australian workers is more than explained by differences in wage-related characteristics. The gender wage gap among high-wage workers, however, is largely unexplained in both sectors suggesting that glass ceilings (rather than sticky floors) may be prevalent.
Abstract
This paper reviews a diverse literature on gender and higher education. Gender inequality is more pronounced in some aspects of the educational systems than in others. The analysis distinguishes 1) access to higher education; 2) college experiences; and 3) postcollegiate outcomes. Women fare relatively well in the area of access, less well in terms of the college experience, and are particularly disadvantaged with respect to the outcomes of schooling. Explanations of gender inequality in higher education should distinguish between these different aspects of education and should explain those contexts in which women have attained parity as well as those in which they continue to lag behind men.
http://homes.chass.utoronto.ca/~tkennedy/Courses/38H3/Jacobs.pdf
Abstract
Using cross-country and panel regressions, we investigate to what extent gender gaps in education and employment (proxied using gender gaps in labor force participation) reduce economic growth. Using the most recent data and investigating an extended time period (1960–2000), we update the results of previous studies on education gaps on growth and extend the analysis to employment gaps using panel data. We find that gender gaps in education and employment considerably reduce economic growth.
- The Gender Wage Gap: Extent, Trends, and Explanations
- Engendering Growth Diagnostics Examining Constraints to Private Investment and Entrepreneurship
- Gender, Distribution, and Balance of Payments Constrained Growth in Developing Countries
- Embedding Care and Unpaid Work in Macroeconomic Modelling: A Structuralist Approach