ЭШ-ний өгүүлэл
Gender budgeting is the application of gender mainstreaming in the budgetary process. Given that the budget process is the gateway for resource allocation, as well as a key determinant of the standards and qualities of public policy formulation, it is natural that the budget be considered for its likely impact on gender-responsive public governance.
The manual containsrecommendations on carrying out gender budget analysis and is recommended as a reference material in parallel to providing trainings or workshops for public officials to explain the process of analysis.
Abstract
The relative status of women is poor in the developing world, compared to developed countries. Increases in per capita income lead to improvements in different measures of gender equality, suggesting that there may be market failures hindering investment in girls in developing countries, and that these are typically overcome as development proceeds. Gender inequality in education and health can also be explained to a considerable extent by religious preference, regional factors, and civil freedom.
Abstract
This article compares access to capital for men-and women-owned small businesses using data from the 1993 National Survey of Small Business Finances. Findings reveal that women-owned firms are less likely to use external financing as a source of capital. It does not appear, however, that lenders discriminate against women on the basis of gender in terms of access to capital. A second part of this study examines the terms under which women obtain credit to determine whether they are at a relative disadvantage from that perspective. Findings reveal that women-owned firms paid higher interest rates than men for their most recent loans. In addition, women-owned service firms were more likely to put up collateral than men-owned service firms.
Abstract
Female and male entrepreneurs differ in the way they finance their businesses. This difference can be attributed to the type of business and the type of management and experience of the entrepreneur (indirect effect). Female start-ups may also experience specific barriers when trying to acquire start-up capital. These may be based upon discriminatory effects (direct effect). Whether gender has an impact on size and composition of start-up capital and in what way, is the subject of the present paper. The indirect effect is represented by the way women differ from men in terms of type of business and management and experience.
- Эмэгтэйчүүдийн хөдөлмөр эрхлэлтэд асран халамжлах ажлын үзүүлэх нөлөөг хэмжих нь
- ''Bargaining'' and Gender Relations: Within and Beyond the Household
- Hearts and spades: Paradigms of household economics
- The unpaid care work and the labour market : an analysis of time use data based on the latest world compilation of time-use surveys