ЭШ-ний өгүүлэл
Хураангуй
Манай улсын эмэгтэйчүүдийн ажиллах хүчний оролцоо сүүлийн жилүүдэд тасралтгүй буурсаар байгаа бөгөөд үүнд маш олон хүчин зүйлс нөлөөлж байна. Энэхүү судалгаагаар гэр бүлийн гишүүдийг асран халамжлах ажил нь эмэгтэйчүүдийн ажиллах хүчний оролцоонд хэрхэн нөлөө үзүүлдгийг тодорхойлохыг зорин хөдөлмөр эрхлэлтийн чиглэлийн судалгааны ажлуудад ихэвчлэн ашигладаг пробит загвараар үнэлгээгээ хийлээ.
Abstract
Highlighting the problems posed by a ''unitary'' conceptualization of the household, a number of economists have in recent years proposed alternative models. These models, especially those embodying the bargaining approach, provide a useful framework for analyzing gender relations and throwing some light on how gender asymmetries are constructed and contested. At the same time, the models have paid inadequate or no attention to some critical aspects of intra-household gender dynamics, such as: What factors (especially qualitative ones) affect bargaining power? What is the role of social norms and social perceptions in the bargaining process and how might these factors themselves be bargained over? Are women less motivated than men by self-interest and might this affect bargaining outcomes? Most discussions on bargaining also say little about gender relations beyond the household, and about the links between extra-household and intra-household bargaining power.
Abstract
This paper explains why the feminist critique of inequalities within the family poses a serious challenge to conventional economic theories of the household. But it also discusses those aspects of both neoclassical and Marxian theory that are useful to an analysis of conflict within the family, arguing that the bargaining power models being developed by some neoclassical theorist are complementary to Marxist influenced structural accounts.
Abstract
This publication is part of a series of research papers that was commissioned as background research for the major ILO report Care work and care jobs for the future of decent work. It provides a comprehensive overview of the extent, characteristics and historical trends of unpaid care work based on the analysis of the most recent time-use surveys carried out at the national level across the world. By discussing the concepts and methodological approaches which underlie the analysis of time-use data, this research paper shows the differences in time spent on unpaid care work between women and men and among people with different socioeconomic characteristics : geographical location, age group, educational level, activity status, employment status, income group, marital status and presence and age of children in the household.
Abstract
The report analyses the ways in which unpaid care work is recognized and organized, the extent and quality of care jobs and their impact on the well-being of individuals and society. A key focus of this report is the persistent gender inequalities in households and the labour market, which are inextricably linked with care work. These gender inequalities must be overcome to make care work decent and to ensure a future of decent work for both women and men. The report contains a wealth of original data drawn from over 90 countries and details transformative policy measures in five main areas: care, macroeconomics, labour, social protection and migration. It also presents projections on the potential for decent care job creation offered by remedying current care work deficits and meeting the related targets of the Sustainable Development Goals.